Gingival inflammation pocket formation plaque accumulation let undisturbed gingivitis untreated periodontitis inflammation of tissues around the teeth. It may develop as an isolated disorder but can feature along with a syndrome. Part of oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth. The impact on the beauty of a smile from an uneven. Gingival description dentistry 104 with clossen at. Gingival sulcus depth singlecord technique is preferred if the gingival sulcus is shallow. Gingivitis is an infection that occurs when bacteria invade soft tissues around the tooth. The main causes of gingivitis are the formation of plaque and tartar. Zones of gingiva gingiva can be divided into several zones as shown in figure 75. Gingival tissues histology ch 10 flashcards quizlet.
Gingival bleeding avoid the use of epinephrine when gingiva is lacerated. Gingival margin is 1 to 2 mm above cej marginal gingivae is knife edge, flat and fall is a current line around the tooth and fits snugly around the tooth. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of gingival stippling in dogs, its location on the alveolar processes, and its association with age and signs of inflammation. Gingival stippling definition of gingival stippling by. Gingival definition of gingival by medical dictionary. Introduction gingival recession is a widespread clinical manifestation affecting single or multiple root surfaces at all teeth types.
The fourth edition of the glossary of periodontal terms represents four years of intensive. Gingival enlargements are quite common and may be either inflammatory, noninflammatory, or a combination of both. A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the. Proper assessment and diagnosis of oral conditions can alert the clinician to a potential systemic disease. Diagnosis of periodontal disease, a frequent disorder in dogs, rests mainly upon the assessment of changes affecting the gingiva. Double cord retraction technique is preferred in cases with deep gingival sulcus. Framing the teeth, within the confines of the gingival architecture, has a tremendous impact on the aesthetics of the smile. Healthy gingiva is pale pink, shows a smooth gingival stippling, does not bleed and is tightly attached to the teeth. Pdf comparison of two different gingivectomy techniques. A critical factor in smile design april 1, 2003 by ron goodlin, dds, fagd.
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of gingival stippling in dogs, its location on alveolar processes, its. Stippling used to be thought to indicate health, but it has since been shown that smooth gingiva is not an indication of disease, unless it is smooth due to a loss of previously existing stippling. Abstract gingival recession is the term that designates the oral exposure of the root surface due to a displacement of the gingival margin apical to the cementenamel junction. The normal gingiva of the child patient is diagnosed on the basis of 1. Prevalence of gingival stippling in children request pdf.
It is usually termed gingival retraction as an intentional procedure, and in such cases it is performed by mechanical, chemical, or electrical means in order to perform certain dental surgery procedures. Other secondary factors on gingival recession are broadly categorized as i. The term gingival biotype1417 has been used to describe the thickness of the gingiva in the faciopalatal dimension and it is a genetically determined trait. Gingival stippling, thats orange peel look of healthy gingival surface is a distinguishing feature of the attached gingiva 1. A gingivectomy was performed to elevate the level of the free gingival margin developing a more proportion ate form for the teeth, as well as removing an excessive display of gingiva below the inferior border of the upper lip. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Proper mucogingival therapy should lead to gingival augmentation and create a vestibule with adequate depth in the regions with insufficient attached gingival tissues 1, 14, 18, 20, 22. Gingival definition of gingival by the free dictionary. Lots of stippling, shiny, fibrotic with stippling, nodular, hyperkeratotic. Chan3 verifiable cpd paper condition of root surface presence of calculus, caries, contaminated cementum or restorations on root surface prominent fraenal attachments depth of vestibule. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis pubmed central pmc. Field 191 the methods to determine the free level of the gingival margin 4. Gingival grafts, thinner than 1 mm, showed a greater average height at the end of.
When the gingiva is restored to health after treatment, the stippled appearance returns. Gingiva in the anterior sextant showed reduced stippling, rolled out crest with flat. Recently, charruel and colleagues investigated the gingival line angle gla asymmetry between the right and left sides from the frontal perspective only. In gingival recession cases, the first mechanism responsible for causing apical gingival migration is loss of bone support offered by the alveolar bone crest fig 1. As stated in the recently released surgeon generals report, oral health in america, using the oral cavity for diagnosis of systemic disease is becoming an established practice. Abstract objective clinical gingival inflammation is a well. Study 36 gingival description flashcards from brieona b. Although the gingival index and sulcus bleeding index have been widely used as. Etiology of gingival recession plaqueinduced gingival inflammation is the primary etiological factor responsible for gingival recession. The second part is the attached gingiva which is stippled, firm, and strongly attached to the alveolar bone and to the cervical area of the tooth by. The normal gingiva of the child patient is diagnosed on. Graduation of shading by numerous separate touches.
It is a feature of healthy gingiva, and reduction or loss ot stippling is a common sign of gingival disease. Stippling is a consequence of the microscopic elevations and depressions of the surface of the gingival tissue due to the connective tissue. Causes of gingival enlargement can be due to plaque accumulation, due to poor oral hygiene, inadequate nutrition, or systemic hormonal. The plaqueinduced diseases may be associated with endocrine changes, medications, systemic. A combined periodontal prosthetic treatment approach to. A gummy smile is as unaesthetic as a patient with severe recession. Gum health and disease can have an effect on general health. Key words black triangle, gingival recession, gingival prosthesis. The relation of gingival stippling to the microstructure of epithelium and underlying connective tissue was to be assessed. Though scientific evidence is equivocal at this point,most of us would agree that its better to have at least 3 mm of keratinized tissue around implant restorations. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare benign oral condition characterised by slow and progressive enlargement of both maxillary and mandibular attached gingiva. Edematous gingiva a thorough examination of the gingiva includes evaluation of color, size, shape form or contour, consistency, surface texture, position of the gingival margin and junctional epithelium, mucogingival junctions, bleeding and exudate. Loss of gingival stippling, one of the early symptoms of periodontal disease in the human, could also indicate early periodontitis in the dog. Our gingiva is constantly confronted with bacteria and sometimes shows inflammation tendency in spite of good care.
This is determined by placing a periodontal probe into the sulcus. Further studies are needed to clarify whether stippling is also a constant feature in the. It pays to assess the location of the mucogingival junction prior to implant therapy in order to plan surgical approach from the decision to flap or not ive seen many who are so enamoured by the flapless technique that they. Surface stippling and the parabolic arch pattern around each anterior tooth are evident in figure 74. A relatively simple treatment approach combining periodontal and restorative. Stippling is form of adaptive specie dilution or reinforcement for function.
Goal of periodontal therapy eliminate or reduce the bacterial plaque to a level below disease threshold. Veterinary dentistry is unlike other fields of veterinary medicine in that the majority of pathology may not be able to be diagnosed, or even evaluated properly, until. Additional instructions and trouble shooting are included with the game. Pdf management of black triangles and gingival recession. The third important consideration in gingival margin placement is the patients periodontal biotype, or whether the gingival tissue is thick or thin.
Gingival retraction or gingival recession is when there is lateral movement of the gingival margin away from the tooth surface. Gingival stippling article about gingival stippling by. Which of the following isare clinical signs of gingivitis. Gingival zenith positions and levels of the maxillary. Surgical management using free grafts and guided tissue regeneration m. Pdf an attractive and pleasing smile can be achieved with the proper positioning. Instruction manual for the periodontal screening pro. Radiographically, the lamina dura is a a 60year old patient requests the replacement of tooth 4. Twostep surgical procedure for root coverage free gingival graft and coronally positioned flap christina popova, tsveta boyarova department of periodontology, faculty of dental medicine, medical university sofia, bulgaria journal of imab annual proceeding scientific papers 2007, vol. Gingival recession pathophysiology can be divided into the following. Gingival hyperplasia is a bizarre condition causing esthetic, functional, psychological, and masticatory disturbances of the oral cavity. Characteristics of normal gingiva are listed later in table 71 along with the traits of diseased gingiva.
Pointed pyramidal gingiva a thorough examination of the gingiva includes evaluation of color, size, shape form or contour, consistency, surface texture, position of the gingival margin and junctional epithelium, mucogingival junctions, bleeding and exudate. The gingiva often possess a textured surface that is referred to as being stippled engraved points. Click here to read about the new version without adobe flash. It is the most common and undesirable condition of the gingiva. Indirect mechanisms host response combine with the direct mechanisms. This study investigates and compares the efficacy of two different techniques to remove gingival clefts with respect to periodontal health and patient tolerance.
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